The first in the US was the original 10th at Baltusrol and was a par four teeing off from the mountain up where the Upper Course is now, created almost certainly by George Low.
The green site still exists today, and it is still surrounded.. by sand now instead of water as the par three 16th hole of the Lower Course.
There were a slew of island greens built in the teens and twenties, some like the one at Galen Hall existing still today.